Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari) – miejsce wymazanej pamięci

Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari) obok kościoła San Giorgio in Velabro

Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari) obok kościoła San Giorgio in Velabro

Jeśli ktoś znaczący w starożytnym Rzymie zostawał skazany na poniżający proceder damnatio memoriae – czyli dosłownie – „wymazanie pamięci”, uznawano go tym samym za wroga publicznego. Tego swoistego ostracyzmu doświadczali ludzie niewygodni dla kolejnych decydentów, uznających, że wspomnienie o nich należy z różnych powodów zatrzeć. Była to kara hańbiąca, zarówno dla samego skazanego, jak i całej jego rodziny. Stosowana była dość często, o czym możemy się przekonać wszędzie tam, gdzie brutalnie skuto ukazujące ich reliefy lub uwiecznione nazwiska. Również w tym miejscu – na ścianach łuku Srebrników.
Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari) obok kościoła San Giorgio in Velabro
Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari), belkowanie z napisem inskrypcyjnym upamiętniającym fundację bankierów i handlarzy z Forum Boarium
Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari), scena przedstawiająca cesarza Septymiusza Sewera i Julię Domnę podczas składania ofiar
Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari), żołnierze i jeniec - scena upamiętniająca podboje cesarza Septymiusza Sewera
Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari), relief ukazujący scenę składania zwierzęcych ofiar
Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari), cesarskie orły, girlandy i elementy uzbrojenia wraz z główkami cesarzy - Karakalli i Septymiusza Sewera
Portyk kościoła San Giorgio in Velabro, fragment
Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari), scena przedstawiająca składanie ofiar przez Karakallę i Gatę (postać skuta)
Portyk kościoła San Giorgio in Velabro, obok łuk Srebników
Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari)
Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari) i kościół San Giorgio in Velabro
Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari), w tle cesarz Septymiusz Sewer i Julia Domna składający ofiarę
Jeśli ktoś znaczący w starożytnym Rzymie zostawał skazany na poniżający proceder damnatio memoriae – czyli dosłownie – „wymazanie pamięci”, uznawano go tym samym za wroga publicznego. Tego swoistego ostracyzmu doświadczali ludzie niewygodni dla kolejnych decydentów, uznających, że wspomnienie o nich należy z różnych powodów zatrzeć. Była to kara hańbiąca, zarówno dla samego skazanego, jak i całej jego rodziny. Stosowana była dość często, o czym możemy się przekonać wszędzie tam, gdzie brutalnie skuto ukazujące ich reliefy lub uwiecznione nazwiska. Również w tym miejscu – na ścianach łuku Srebrników.
      Łuk Srebrników (Arco degli Argentari) obok wejścia
      do kościoła San Giorgio in Velabro

Obiekt ten (po łacinie Arcus Argentariorum) swoją formą w niczym nie przypomina znanych nam łuków triumfalnych – nie ma półokrągłego sklepienia, lecz proste belkowanie osadzone na dwóch podporach obłożonych marmurowymi płytami dekorowanymi reliefami. Poza tym w okresie wczesnego średniowiecza wbudowany został w portyk kościoła San Giorgio in Velabro, przez co wydaje się jego integralną częścią. Z tego też powodu jest obiektem, na który turyści na ogół nie zwracają uwagi. Ledwie widoczny z powodu podnoszącego się przez wieki poziomu gruntu, stanowi jednak obok łuku Septymiusza Sewera istotny przykład sztuki dynastii Sewerów. 

Stanął w znaczącym dla Rzymu miejscu – na Forum Boarium, a zbudowany został w 204 roku dla uczczenia cesarza Septymiusza Sewera i jego rodziny. Stanowić miał zapewne jedną z bram prowadzących na wspomniane forum. Jego fundatorami byli działający tam kupcy i bankierzy. Nie był to zatem oficjalny, zlecony przez senat monument, ale prywatna inicjatywa grupy przedsiębiorców, pragnących w ten sposób wyrazić podziękowanie cesarzowi. Za co? Do końca nie wiemy, ale domyślać się można, że za korzystne dla nich uchwały lub przepisy.

Wciąż dobrze widoczne są otoczone stylizowanymi ornamentami reliefy na wewnętrznej stronie łuku, przedstawiające rodzinę cesarską w momencie składania ofiar. Na architrawie znajdowały się również wolno stojące figury członków cesarskiego rodu: Septymiusz Sewer, jego żona Julia Domna i ich dwaj synowie – Karakalla i Geta oraz żona pierworodnego Karakalli, Publia Fulvia Plautilla. Inskrypcje wyryte na łuku potwierdzają niejako imiona cesarskiej rodziny, choć niektóre zostały za czasów cesarza Karakalli po prostu skute – dotyczy to imion jego brata Gety, żony Plautilli i teścia Plautianusa, którzy zostali przez Karakallę najpierw w brutalny sposób uśmierceni, a później skazani na wieczną niepamięć. Proceder ten – owo damnatio memoriae – przejęty od starożytnych, doskonale funkcjonował w kolejnych stuleciach i funkcjonuje do dziś, o czym możemy się wielokrotnie przekonać również w Rzymie podczas oglądania nowożytnych i współczesnych budowli i monumentów. 

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      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '158' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 158
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '158' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 158
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '158' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 158
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '158' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 158
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '158'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 158
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '158' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 158
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '158'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 158
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '24' limit 1510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '16' limit 1330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '158'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 158
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2642' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2642
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2643' and `lang` = 'pl'290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2643
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2644' and `lang` = 'pl'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2644
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2645' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2645
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2646' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2646
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2647' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2647
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2648' and `lang` = 'pl'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2648
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2649' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2649
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2650' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2650
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2651' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2651
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2652' and `lang` = 'pl'770μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2652
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '2653' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 2653
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '158'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 158
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '68' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 68
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '68' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 68
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '68' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 68
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '68' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 68
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '68'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 68
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '68' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 68
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '68'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 68
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '104' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 104
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '104' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 104
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '104' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 104
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '104' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 104
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '104'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 104
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '104' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 104
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '104'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 104
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '9' and `lang` = 'pl'1.3msbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 9
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '114' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 114
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '114' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 114
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '114' and `lang` = 'pl'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 114
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '114' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 114
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '114'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 114
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '114' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 114
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '114'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 114
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
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        Hints
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Hints
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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